Factors for the prevalence of diabetes and mental health(inpatient) in Research Paper

Factors for the prevalence of diabetes and mental health(inpatient) in the UK - Research Paper Example actors responsible for mental illness in the UK include infections, pregnancy, lack of essential nutrients, psychological factors, poor parenting, poor relationships, economic problems, poor relationships, family destructions, social expectations, etc. The differences between mental illness and mental disorders have also been elaborated in the discussion for better understanding. Recommendations have been made on the basis of the discussion and they include out of family marriage, addressing to environmental issues sincerely, taking precautions against viruses, encouraging breast feeding, increasing physical activities, reducing workload, minimising use of artificial flavour, eating more nutritious food, taking precautions during sexual intercourse as well as pregnancy, improving parenting and addressing to several social factors responsible for the prevalence of these dangerous diseases. Diabetes and mental illness are among the most prevalent diseases in the United Kingdom. People with these disorders die prematurely as compared to other diseases. Other than the deaths from accidents or unnatural incidents, the number of deaths from diabetes and mental illness are quite high. The relationship between diabetes and mental illness is now recognized on a broader scale (Diabetes U.K 2010). Usually there are two types of the diabetes that are found in co-occurrence with schizophrenia and that pairing of glucose tolerance affect the overall health of a person. Both the diseases collectively misuse substances present in the body affecting the health of patients severely leading them the mortality. Through several researches it is evaluated as well that the people with diabetes are more likely to die as compared to the people without the evidences of diabetes in their bodies. (Vinogradova et al. 2014) The researches on the death rates and the patients with such diseases are though no more ignored by the researchers yet the researches on the factors causing these

Igneous Rock and Yosemite National Park Essay Example for Free

Igneous Rock and Yosemite National Park Essay Yosemite National Park is without a doubt, one of America’s most beautiful and well-known parks. Due to the diversity of attractions the park offers, including high Sierra Peaks, the highest highway pass in California called the Tioga Pass, the Yosemite Valley, the Merced River, acres of high altitude backcountry, waterfalls, and some of the largest living things on earth in the sequoia groves tourists from all over the world visit. The most famous section in the park is Yosemite Valley, where El Capitan, Half Dome, Yosemite Falls, and other places to explore nature’s beauty lie. Yosemite Geography Yosemite National Park is located in the Central of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range in California. The park is 1,189 square miles, comparable to the size of the United State’s state of Rhode Island. Lakes, ponds, streams, hiking trails, and roads are some of the many features that attract tourists. Nearly all the landforms in the Yosemite area are cut from a mass of intrusive igneous rock that formed below the surface of the earth. Some of the park’s landforms are metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Erosion that acted upon different types of uplift is responsible for creating the valleys, canyons, domes and other features found in this national park. Some of the popular features Yosemite possess’ are Yosemite Valley—where the majority of visitors stay, the Tunnel View—which is the first view of the valley when visitors enter the park, El Capitan—a major granite cliff that oversees Yosemite Valley, and Sentinel Dome and Half Dome that offer a diverse range of climbing routes. Also found within the park are the breath-taking giant sequoia trees. Perhaps the most remarkable sequoia in the park is the Grizzly Giant, believed to be more than 2,700 years old and the oldest known sequoia tree. Yosemite is known for its high concentration of waterfalls. Hanging valleys in the park offer a place for waterfalls to exist. During the snowmelt season, April, May, and June, waterfalls are able to flourish. Yosemite has a Mediterranean climate, which means most of the precipitation falls during the mild winter and the other seasons are considerably dry. Snow doesn’t stay on the ground until November, and then accumulates until March, when it begins to melt. There is a large temperature range due to elevation diversity and global warming. History of Yosemite The Yosemite National Park is located in Sierra Nevada in the east-central part of California. The Park is widely spread area of 750,000 acre, with streams that are 1,600 miles long, hiking trails that are 800 miles and the roads that extend up to 350 miles. Yosemite Fall is the highest waterfall in North America, it is considered as the third of the highest waterfall on planet Earth. Another important factor of Yosemite Park would be the numerous of species it contains. Over 300 species of animals can be found in the park. Yosemite is known for its spectacular attractions such as high Sierra Peaks, the highest highway pass in California, the Yosemite Valley, Merced River, and many acres of high altitude backcountry, some of the highest waterfall in the world. Plants are also really high at the Park. Some reaching altitudes from 2,000 feet to the peak of Mr. Lyell. 94. 5% of the park’s 747,956 acres is officially classified as wilderness. Moreover, that is one of the main reasons why the park is now protected by the state. One of the very first people to live in Yosemite would be the Paiute and the Sierra Miwok people. They were in the area for a long time before the first white explorations were done in the region. This people were a band of Native Americans called the Ahwahneechee. During the mid 19th century, The California Gold Rush radically increased travel in the area. While the major Jim Savage of the United States Army led the Mariposa Battalion into the west end of Yosemite Park, Chief Tenaya gathered around 200 ahwahneechees as part of the Mariposa Wars. The discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada brought many gold seekers to the area. In 1855, James Mason Hutchings and Thomas Ayres along with two others were the first tourists in the area. Much of the publicity about Yosemite Park was due to Hutchings and Ayers’s articles and magazine issues about the valley. Many of Ayres artwork was exhibited in New York City where many people were able to see it and admire it. During the years of 1855 and 1860, tourism increased dramatically in the valley. The Yosemite National Park has 3. 5 million tourists every year. According to the readings, tourists prefer to visit during the summer. In the early years, most visitors went to Yosemite via horseback and stagecoach. In addition, more trails were built creating more publicity to the park. As tourist explore and visited the park, word spread around about how beautiful the park was therefore more tourist would go visit. Wawona was an Indian encampment what is now the southwestern part of the park. The Mariposa Grove of Gian Sequoia was discovered by the settler Galen Clark in 1857. In 1879, the Wawona Hotel was built for the tourists visiting. As the number of tourists increased, more trails and hotels were built to accommodate those visitors. The Yosemite Park has a great history behind it as to how it came to be what it is now. Also, it contains many species within which has been hard to conserve of not going extinct. As more toursist came to the park, more problems aroused within the valley debating who would get to keep what or whose property it was. Since Yosemite had plenty of gold which meant a better way of life for those who were able to obtain some of it, the competition increased and therefore more visitors came to the land. Yosemite National Park is a beautiful place to visit with the family or friends since it has such a great history within of struggles and fights put up to conserve the land as it is. Biology of Yosemite The biology of Yosemite is very diverse. During a trip to Yosemite, it is interesting to learn how many different species of animals choose Yosemite as their habitat. Encounters are likely because Yosemite National Park supports more than 400 species of animals counting reptiles, amphibians, fish, mammals, and birds. The high diversity of species is because of diverse habitats in Yosemite that are very much intact. The park’s rich habitats range from thick foothill chaparral to expanses of alpine rock to conifer forests. (Kaiser 81) Animals feel very much at home; the Sierra Nevada red fox, for instance, hunts in open alpine habitat and hides at night into the forest for safety. In Yosemite meadows; Animals come to feed on the green grasses and use the flowing and standing water found in the many meadows. Predators evidently are attracted to these areas. The surface between meadow and forest is also favored by many animal species because of the closeness of open areas for gathering food, and cover for protection. Overall, the parks widespread coniferous forests, with a relatively mild climate and a mixture of plant species provide a great habitat for animals to live. Wildlife species typically found include: bobcat, gray fox, mountain king snake, Gilberts skink, white-headed woodpecker, brown creeper, spotted owl, and a wide variety of bat species. At higher elevations, fewer wildlife species tend to be found due, in part, to the lower complexity of the forest. Species likely to be found include golden-mantled ground squirrel, chickaree, marten, Stiller’s jay, hermit thrush, and northern goshawk. Reptiles are not common but include rubber boa, western fence lizard, and alligator lizard. Above tree line, the climate becomes harsh with a short growing season. Species such as pika, yellow-bellied marmot, white-tailed hare, Clarks nutcracker, and rosy finch are adapted to these conditions. Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep are found in the Yosemite area only around Tioga Pass. (Kaiser 97) With development and an increase in domestic travel after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, visits to the Park are increasing. The Park sees 3. 5 million visitors annually. Thirty years ago, 80 percent of Yosemites visitors stayed overnight; now, its 80 percent day-use. Roads and facilities have been increased to keep pace with growing amount of visitors. Development continues to intrude on park boundaries, bringing new housing projects and commercial construction and thousands more people. The newly opened Chukchansi Casino, one of the states largest, is just 30 miles down the road, advertising with billboards throughout the area: Now, Yosemite has a night life. And with the recently approved Silvertip Resort Village, a 47-acre commercial and residential complex slated to go up in the tiny park border town of Fish Camp. (Kaiser 90) Noise pollution from vehicles and campsites compete with the Parks natural noises. Buildings, roads, and parking lots have marred the aesthetic beauty of the Valley, while visitors are often stuck in traffic hoping to find a parking spot. Visitors, destroying natural habitats, have eroded areas of riverbanks close to campsites. The importance of tourism to the local economy can be illustrated by the impact of the catastrophic 1997 floods that temporarily closed the Park. This caused Eroded riverbanks near campsites locally severe economic losses to the areas around the Park. In the most heavily impacted area, Mariposa County, 1997 personal income was reduced by an estimated US$1,159 per capita, a 6. % decline. The county was also estimated to have lost US$1. 67 million in county occupancy and sales tax revenues, and 956 jobs, a significant number in a county of fewer than 16,000 residents. Also, The Ahwahneechee indigenous Indians have not received any compensation in the form of money or land for their loss of the Yosemite area in 1851. (Kaiser 105) Geology of Yosemite The geology of Yosemite National Park is a very beautiful place that been evolving for many of years. The geology of Yosemite is mainly consisting of rocks and waterfalls. The main rocks are granitic rocks and metamorphic rocks. Ice Ages were the main causes for Yosemite Park or should I say California because the Ice Ages brought glaciers that carved out California. In Yosemite Park, it shows how the glacial have move and creating Yosemite Lake too. It created a lot of homes for the animals that are living in the park and became big attractions for visitors all around the world. The volcano in Yosemite Park erupted and the lava cause to make igneous rocks because of the cooling and solidification of the lava. Also the lava formed other rocks like granite and tonality are all form of plutonic rock, but also referred to as granitic rocks (Yosemite National Park). Plutonic rocks are compress with five minerals (Yosemite National Park). The plutonic rocks were formed by magma and are form deep within the Earth. When a volcano erupts, some lava reaches the Earth surface and the lava starts to cool or solidify, but there are a few volcanic igneous rocks in Yosemite. The volcanic rocks in Yosemite Park include basalt and latte lava flows and outside has the same, but some called ash-flow and more (Yosemite National Park). The tectonic in North America cause the ocean to decrease lowers forming California. It was change in plate motion, the oceanic plate was sub ducted beneath the Sierra Nevada and was consumed into the seduction zone (Huber). The Pacific plate became a fault, which made the San Andreas Fault. It is when a tectonic plate slide past each other along a strike-slip faults (Huber). So, when seduction happen, California land start to rise up from the ocean forming island, then finally connect to North America. As water started to decrease in California, volcanoes again became active. Yosemite was buried by lava creating more land for California. The Earth is made up of 20 massive plates that float on the surface of the planet and the Pacific plate is the largest. Activities The sculpture of the Yosemite Park was by glaciers because the northern hemisphere was covered in ice. The glacier made a u-shaped valley and a lot of lakes. For California final shaping and sculpting was during the Pleistocene Epoch time. The glaciers melt and the water moved across the land and started to make how California looks today. A lot of environment was getting destroyed and use for resource. People didn’t want everything destroy, so they manage to save some environment and made them national parks. One of them is Yosemite National Park. People come and visit or camp to go site seeing in the park. There are many activities the park offer. One of them is hiking in the park. They offer tour guides that take you on hiking trips that can last a full day. People can stay overnight and continue they’re hiking and see great sites. Also you can bring your bike and take a trail and then a short hike (Yosemite National Park Vacation). More activities are offer in Yosemite Park like is rock climbing. They have trainers that teach you how to rock climb and teach you about all the gears you need. They also offer classes for beginners and train you. The trainers can take you, where you want to go and guide you to climb the rocks. There is a lot of winter activities, you can ski or snowboard (Yosemite National Park Vacation). They also offer school for skiing and have shuttle that take you up the mountain and go downhill schilling. They have cross-country, snow tubing, and back country ski tours. Yosemite Park has about 13 campgrounds and you can do the traditional and camp outside in a RV camping area. You can stay in the wilderness and camp outside in a tent or stay in a cabin. They also offer a lot of place to stay like a hotel, village, and lodge. You can even camp out on the High Sierra camping ground (Yosemite National Park Vacation). Conclusion Yosemite Park is a beautiful and wonderful place to visit. You can plan your visit, by visiting the website and also letting you know about the parks and some facts. There are many things to see like the park attractions, natural features, plants, and animals (Yosemite National Park Vacation). It is fun for the family and the waterfalls draw most of the visitors. One of the awareness in the park is the black bear. The weather tends to vary depending on where you are in the park.

Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Essay -- Health, Treatment

Introduction It is known that glucocorticoids (GCs) therapy is the treatment of choice for patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS); however some patients fail to respond to the treatment even when given high-dose GCs. For those patients, the treatment should be bolstered by synergising GCs with other immunosuppressant [1]. Although biochemical alterations and clinical manifestations in most nephrotic patients seem to be quite similar, substantial differences are encountered regarding the course of disease. Relapses of proteinuria are experienced in approximately 60% to 80% of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome patients and despite initial complete remission some remain steroid dependent or become steroid-resistant [2]. The lack of response to corticosteroids has been explained by several mechanisms. This may be ascribed to overwhelming disease severity, poor compliance, abnormalities in glucocorticoid metabolism or poor absorption, especially in patients with NS, who often develop heavy proteinuria and Hypoalbuminaemia, and, finally, by GCs resistance due to a GCR or postreceptor abnormality. GCR was incriminated in worsening the response to steroids earlier [3,4], but inadequate response to these agents, either due to inherited target tissue defective response or acquired impaired responsiveness is often reported by the clinicians in a number of patients [5]. If clinical response was predicted before therapy, synergised treatment might be performed at the beginning of the treatment to avoid side effects of chronic high-dose hormone therapy, which could improve the individual response to GC therapy and benefit more patients. Glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) seems to be related to the pathogenesis of steroid... ...ic indicator for patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. During follow-up patients with non-relapsing and infrequent relapsing nephrotic syndrome had a median time to achieve remission 7 days [5]. Thus taken together all those data we can speculate that evaluation of the expression of intracellular glucocorticoid receptors shown as the percentage of lymphocytes (CD3/GCR) can directly predict early and late responders to steroid therapy, and as a result the outcome of nephrotic syndrome patients regarding future relapses if any. However, there has been no study on the relationship between the expression of lymphocytes GCR and the time to achieve complete remission in pediatric age group patients with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome so far.

Is Vincent the Hero in Gattaca Essay

The film Gattaca fails to provide us with a character that can be clearly defined as a hero. By definition a hero is a person of distinguished courage or ability and is admired for their noble qualities and exhibits certain traits that are deemed to be heroic. In Andrew Niccol’s film the character Vincent freeman at times display heroic qualities but they do not consistently show them to prove to us that he is a heroes. Vincent takes on a whole new identity changing from an in-valid to a valid which makes it difficult to distinguish his true identity from the borrowed one he has become. Throughout the film it is hard to see Vincent’s true personality through the facade he displays to the outside world. And there are many cases where Vincent shows quite admirable qualities like when he is with Irene and he lets go of the strand of hair saying â€Å"the wind caught it†. At first this may seem a very heart felt gesture but for Vincent this could be a form of insurance gaining Irene’s trust and if she was ever in a position to protect Vincent’s identity she might do so. Up until the point where Vincent decides to infiltrate Gattaca, he is just an average person, an outcast of society, a lonely person with no life who’s survived on nothing but a dream. Up until this point there are no characteristics being shown by Vincent which show that he deserves to be classified as a hero. The character Vincent Freeman from the moment he was born was seen as weak and genetically imperfect but he is able to overcome these constraints. Vincent was labelled as an in-valid, a label which determined how long he would live to what he could be able to do. Vincent’s strong character, determination and desire to achieve his dreams displays his true heroic qualities. He refuses to abide by the rules of Gattaca and with little hesitation finds a way to make his dreams come true no matter what the cost. â€Å"They used to say that a child conceived in love has a greater chance of happiness. They don’t say that anymore. This leads us to believe that Vincent is someone who can defy the odds and have enough determination to achieve his dreams in a world where individuality is eradicated and unwanted and all you need is good DNA to succeed. Although Vincent is showing lots of courage and determination, in reality in order to achieve his dreams Vincent has had to become a criminal and resort to illegal measures and deceive many people to achieve his goals. This then challenges Vincent to whether he is worthy of a hero status. Vincent has gone through many hardships to get to the position he is in. By becoming a borrowed Ladder he gained entry to Gattaca to achieve his dream of becoming an astronaut. He is so determined that he has gone to such extreme measures that he has totally abandoned his own identity and in part is own personality and abandoned his family leaving them to believe that he was dead. Anton telling Vincent that â€Å"our parents both died thinking they’d outlived you†. This is not the behaviour or characteristics that are looked respectably upon as heroic. As Anton begins to put the pieces of the murder at Gattaca together, he gets closer to revealing Vincent as the fraud he really is. â€Å"You committed fraud. You’re in a lot of trouble. † Anton tries to help out his brother and follows the rules but even though Vincent has accomplished so much he is not content and still has to beat down his brother. Is this envious quality something we look for in a hero? No heroes are modest and humble unlike Vincent. Like many of the people in Gattaca Vincent has something to hide. When Anton and Hugo perform the raid at the Cavendish club everyone flees and no one even knows what they want yet meaning that everyone is hiding something and there are many people just like Vincent hiding in the society of Gattaca. When Vincent hides his identity he becomes a criminal, buying an identity illegally on the black market and becoming like all the other borrowed Ladders. Vincent is no different from anyone else. He has committed a crime and is far from being called a hero. He is daring but not courageous and seems superior knowing that he has outsmarted Gattaca. Qualities which are not heroic. â€Å"Just remember, Lamar, I could have gone up and back and nobody would have been the wiser† Vincent says this to Lamar just after Lamar reveals that he has known Vincent’s secret all along. All Vincent has achieved is getting away with a crime. â€Å"We shed 500 million cells a day† says Vincent it only takes one to show Vincent’s true identity.

Psalm 1, 23, 32

Psalm 1, 23, 32 Psalm 1, 23 and 32 is from the bible and these Psalms praise to the God by people. It is also the worship to God and shows that another way for pursuit of happiness is singing the Psalms or praising the God because people who believe in God think that they can be protect from troubles and forgiven their sins by God. By trusting that the God, they believe that they will be safe and not need to worry about their starvation or survival. They believe that God will provide them with all needs and even protects from their enemies.Psalm 1 describes about the three characteristics of a blessed man, and how he mediated with the law of the lord. The blessed man compared the God with a tree panted by the rivers of water, which yields its fruit I season and whose leaf does not wither. Whatever he does prosper. † The blessed man also compared the ungodly in the fourth sentence. He also mentions that the ungodly will not stand in the judgment and the sinners will not stand in the congregation of the righteous.He mentions that only the God know the way of the righteous. Psalm 23 is about the God is our shepherd, and describes about where the God lead us (2,3). It also describes about how the God restore the blessed man’s souls and guides him in the way of righteousness. In the fourth sentence, the blessed man describes about how people do not have fear when they walk through the valley of death and the fifth sentence describes that God has always prepare for us.The last sentence describes about how goodness and love follows us all the days of our life by God. Psalm 32 is about who is blessed (1,2) by God and describes about the result when one does not confess his sins (3,4). It also talks about the psalmist deal with his sins (5) and how the God would guide him (8). Finally, the ninth sentence mentions about what we are not to like as horse or mule (9).

Free Essays on Animal Cruelty

Animal Cruelty Having a household pet can be both rewarding and inspiring. Because household pets are domesticated, they depend on their owner to provide a safe haven for them. When one decides to have a household pet, a great deal of responsibility needs to be taken to provide food, water, shelter and medical attention for the animal. Pets are voiceless and defenseless. They share the world with us, and it is our responsibility to care for the them. Regrettably, some animals become victim to human violence and abuse. Cruelty or abuse is when a person knowingly or intentionally deprives an animal of food, water or medical care, and maliciously tortures, mutilates, or kills the animal [HSUS 1]. Greater awareness is needed in order to help prevent the unnecessary abuse of animals. The majority of the American household family has at least one pet. Under normal circumstances, these loyal and loving animals are often treated as a member of the family. On the flip side, if the pet lives within a violent household like domestic abuse and drug and alcohol abuse, chances are that the animal too has become victim to human abuse. Animals that are living in this type of violent environment are in great danger because they are powerless. Situations like this often go unreported because animals cannot speak up for themselves. According to Dr. John New, "Each year four million women are abused by a husband or boyfriend. Approximately half of those women have animals, (and) half of those with animals say that the animals are abused or killed† [Covington]. Recently, a great awareness has surfaced between the link of domestic human violence and animal cruelty. The Humane Society of the U.S. (HSUS) is one of the largest organizations fighting for the humane treatment of animals and raising awareness in defense of animals that are victims of domestic abuse. Every year, the HSUS releases a report of animal cruelty cases. The most recent ... Free Essays on Animal Cruelty Free Essays on Animal Cruelty Rabbits immobilized in wooden stocks with ulcers in their eyes; baby seals being clubbed over the head, and the infamous shock treatment. Broach the subject with an individual and odds are that they have witnessed footage of one or all of the aforementioned practices and are appalled by the cruelty. Appalled yes, willing to stand up and voice their thoughts... not often. There is one significant reason for this unwillingness by some to stand up for the rights of our fellow inhabitants of this planet, personal convenience. We are systematically cutting down the last forest that provides their shelter to farm cattle; we dump toxic chemicals and sewage into the waters in which they live; we wear the tusks of the last few of their species on our arms, and we pour cosmetic products into their eyes, rectums or vaginas to determine the harmful effects they might cause on humans, even though the physiological differentiation between humans and the animals they use is durastic. On a daily bas is most people do not see their own degree of unintentional support towards this global dilemma, but when compiled on paper one must question how mankind can, with conscience, commit these acts which shame us as human beings. Animals possess the same kinds of feelings and emotions as human beings, and without anesthesia, they are subjected to the pain as well. Mankind often fails to give animals the respect and rights they deserve, they are treated as lifeless, unfeeling scientific specimens and items that we may manipulate at our own convenience and for vanity's sake. Laboratory research involving animals is cruel and merciless treatment of helpless creatures. No law requires that cosmetics and household products be tested on animals. Nevertheless, by six o'clock this evening, hundreds of animals will have had their eyes, skin or gastrointestinal systems unnecessarily burned or destroyed (Sequoia, 27). Two of the most famous animal tests are the Draize, or ... Free Essays on Animal Cruelty Animal Cruelty Having a household pet can be both rewarding and inspiring. Because household pets are domesticated, they depend on their owner to provide a safe haven for them. When one decides to have a household pet, a great deal of responsibility needs to be taken to provide food, water, shelter and medical attention for the animal. Pets are voiceless and defenseless. They share the world with us, and it is our responsibility to care for the them. Regrettably, some animals become victim to human violence and abuse. Cruelty or abuse is when a person knowingly or intentionally deprives an animal of food, water or medical care, and maliciously tortures, mutilates, or kills the animal [HSUS 1]. Greater awareness is needed in order to help prevent the unnecessary abuse of animals. The majority of the American household family has at least one pet. Under normal circumstances, these loyal and loving animals are often treated as a member of the family. On the flip side, if the pet lives within a violent household like domestic abuse and drug and alcohol abuse, chances are that the animal too has become victim to human abuse. Animals that are living in this type of violent environment are in great danger because they are powerless. Situations like this often go unreported because animals cannot speak up for themselves. According to Dr. John New, "Each year four million women are abused by a husband or boyfriend. Approximately half of those women have animals, (and) half of those with animals say that the animals are abused or killed† [Covington]. Recently, a great awareness has surfaced between the link of domestic human violence and animal cruelty. The Humane Society of the U.S. (HSUS) is one of the largest organizations fighting for the humane treatment of animals and raising awareness in defense of animals that are victims of domestic abuse. Every year, the HSUS releases a report of animal cruelty cases. The most recent ...

Free Essays on Indian Status and Band Membership Issues

INDIAN STATUS AND BAND MEMBERSHIP ISSUES INTRODUCTION Historically, entitlement to Indian status and Indian band membership have been complex and controversial issues. The legal definition of the term â€Å"Indian† has brought with it certain benefits and eligibility for federal programs, as well as a history of limitations on rights.(1) Disputes over the definition of Indian status, the authority to determine band membership, and access to rights tied to status and membership have given rise to conflicts between Indian bands and governments, and within Indian communities. In 1985, amendments to the Indian Act (Bill C31)removed a number of discriminatory provisions from the Act. One result has been a significant increase in the size of the status Indian population. The changes also increased band control over membership and other aspects of community life. While eliminating some problems, in the ensuing decade the amendments introduced a number of new political, social and financial issues for Indian communities. In recent years, membership-related disputes, often tied directly to Bill C31, have resulted in a number of significant court cases. A consideration of these issues also raises broader questions about the changing nature of the Indian population in Canada, the rights of individuals and communities, and the power to determine membership under self-government arrangements. This paper examines some of the current issues surrounding Indian band membership. It surveys Indian Act provisions regarding status and band membership and the changes introduced through Bill C31. The paper then discusses some of the consequences of that bill and outlines subsequent court cases that focused on band membership and associated rights. The final section of the paper discusses the implications of the resulting judgments and comments on membership issues in the context of self-government for Indian commun... Free Essays on Indian Status and Band Membership Issues Free Essays on Indian Status and Band Membership Issues INDIAN STATUS AND BAND MEMBERSHIP ISSUES INTRODUCTION Historically, entitlement to Indian status and Indian band membership have been complex and controversial issues. The legal definition of the term â€Å"Indian† has brought with it certain benefits and eligibility for federal programs, as well as a history of limitations on rights.(1) Disputes over the definition of Indian status, the authority to determine band membership, and access to rights tied to status and membership have given rise to conflicts between Indian bands and governments, and within Indian communities. In 1985, amendments to the Indian Act (Bill C31)removed a number of discriminatory provisions from the Act. One result has been a significant increase in the size of the status Indian population. The changes also increased band control over membership and other aspects of community life. While eliminating some problems, in the ensuing decade the amendments introduced a number of new political, social and financial issues for Indian communities. In recent years, membership-related disputes, often tied directly to Bill C31, have resulted in a number of significant court cases. A consideration of these issues also raises broader questions about the changing nature of the Indian population in Canada, the rights of individuals and communities, and the power to determine membership under self-government arrangements. This paper examines some of the current issues surrounding Indian band membership. It surveys Indian Act provisions regarding status and band membership and the changes introduced through Bill C31. The paper then discusses some of the consequences of that bill and outlines subsequent court cases that focused on band membership and associated rights. The final section of the paper discusses the implications of the resulting judgments and comments on membership issues in the context of self-government for Indian commun...

Free sample - We at McDonalds. translation missing

We at McDonalds. We at McDonaldsIf you are trying to create a mob, you can just shout out and you will have a gathering in no minutes. But that is NOT a group in essence. A group is formed of likeminded individuals who are gathered on a same purpose and work on a systematic synchronization. But to form a group needs a comprehensive method or a system. In the year 1965, Bruce Tuckman gifted us with the model of group development in the typical Dr. Suess style. According to original system proposed by Tuckman, there were four stages to the group development process, as follows: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Forming – This is the stage where the group is just forming. Group members are getting introduced and coming to know each other. The shy members are not being favorable and the extravert members are asserting their leadership over the group. At this stage, the group is yet not a group and it still works on the psychology on an individual basis. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Storming – But the initial struggle to decide the hierarchy of dominance does not end in the previous stage. It continues on to the second stage known as ‘storming’. In this stage, a natural fight among who the leader will be and who the follower will be is decided, through extensive back and forth social momentum. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norming – Now, let us say the social hierarchy is being set and we have a certain leader for us. This is the perfect time to set the norms, the objectives and policies of the group. This decides the basic structure and ideology of the group. At this stage, it is not about individual power but about establishing the group identity. This is highly susceptible to revert back to the Storming stage and that’s why communication is subtle and implicit most of the time. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performing – Everything is determined at this moment and the group is supposed to head towards action now. With the stable internal structure and preset ideology and purpose, the group is all ready to take the plunge now. Even in McDonalds, we follow these same stages of group development. To start with the introduction, we are a group comprising of six members in our team. We work at the front end, which is catering food to the customers. Sometimes, if we have been contacted on a delivery at a certain place and time, and it is urgent, we take on that job as well. So, our job profile includes the food catering service mainly. In our group, the team members are supposed to be active during the work hours and that is why, we have chosen some young people for the group. The oldest member is twenty-nine years old and the youngest member is around nineteen years old. We are an efficient group of front-end workers and peering closely at the interaction sort of our group, it can be proclaimed that we are at the ‘performing’ stage of group development at this moment. The longest time was taken during the ‘norming’ stage. It was the time when group ideology, or identity, is being decided and instilling the vision and focus of the McDonalds can be somewhat hard to infuse into minds of the young people.   They had to understand that McDonalds is not just a burger company servicing people. It is important to understand that McDonalds is a people’s company first of all, and there goes more into the functioning of the company other than just producing burgers. This is basically instilled into every employee working for McDonalds - from the restaurant manager to the door attendant. And this is even more important for the food-catering end to understand and believe in. So, it can be easily said that our group has moved into the ‘performing’ stage and now the most crucial factor is to keep up the motivation and performance going.

The iliad and the odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The iliad and the odyssey - Essay Example Composed in the dactylic hexameter poetic style, this too is a lengthy poem, stretching to 12,110 lines. The plot of Odyssey is centered on Greek war hero Odysseus and his beautiful wife Penelope. Although both these masterpieces of Western literature were written in pre-Christian times when the written tradition was still in its infancy, they still remain relevant today. Events such as war, love, betrayal, bravery, etc are universal human experiences than span centuries and continents. While some of the specific details of the two epic poems might be irrelevant in contemporary times, their essence remains highly relevant. What it shows is that Western civilization has not changed drastically since the beginning of recorded history; and that societies continue to be disturbed by greed, war, lust, betrayal, etc. In other words, some of the vices and failings displayed by characters in the two poems are still afflicting humanity today. In this respect, a careful study of the interpersonal, social and political aspects of the two epic poems can lead us to insights into human nature. Apart from this practical utility of the two great epics, the literary techniques employed by Hom er in composing the works are very instructive for current generation of writers. For example, the non-linear plot structure employed by Homer is a highly sophisticated narrative structure, which finds application in plays, motion pictures and novels of

How Not Meeting The Assumptions Of The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Aid In Term Paper

How Not Meeting The Assumptions Of The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Aid In Evolution - Term Paper Example 298). The Hardy-Weinberg model is applicable to the context of populations of diploid, sexually reproducing individuals (Andrews 65). For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, certain assumptions must be met. Andrews, Hartl and Clark and Hillis et al. comprehensively described and summarized the following assumptions, 1. Natural selection is not acting on the locus in question, indicating that there is no differential selection among genotypes. Individuals with different genotypes have equal probabilities of survival and equal rates of reproduction. 4. Population size is infinitely large, which means that genetic drift is not causing random changes in allele frequencies due to sampling error from one generation to the next. As all natural populations are finite and they are subject to drift. However the effects of drift are more pronounced in small than in large populations. where, p2, 2pq and q2 are the expected frequencies of genotypes AA, Aa and aa in zygotes of any generation, p and q are the allele frequencies of A and a in gametes of the previous generation of the population (Hartl and Clark 75). As there are only two alleles at a locus, p + q=1. â€Å"The Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies, p2 + 2pq + q2, represent the binomial expansion of (p + q) 2, and also sum to one†. (Andrews 65) â€Å"In case of loci with more than two alleles, it is possible to apply the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, in which case the expected genotype frequencies are given by the multinomial expansion for all k alleles segregating in the population: (p1 + p2 + p3 + . . . + pk)2†. (Andrews 65) Fig. 2- â€Å"Generation I of this population consists of migrants from several other populations, thus violating the Hardy-Weinberg assumption of no migration. Notably, the generation I has more homozygous individuals and fewer heterozygous individuals than would be expected under

Securing America and Protecting Civil Liberties Essay - 1

Securing America and Protecting Civil Liberties - Essay Example The liberties held so dear to the Americans was changed in number of ways where the law enforcements agencies had the right of conducting the searches of the homes and offices without a notice in advance or there were regular monitoring of the computers, email messages and text messages so that the clients can be eaves dropped on and so on. The clash between the civil liberties and the national security had taken place a number of times where the restrictive laws have played an important role to abridge the gap that exists between the two. In response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, on September 14, 2001, Geroge W.Bush declared the state of emergency which gave him the right to invoke his presidential rights passing the Patriot Act which not only centralized the law enforcement powers to the Justice Department, but also gave CIA the oversight of the gathering of the domestic intelligence, and the rights of the citizens and non residents as stated in the constitution were disregarde d. After the terrorist attacks, the Patriot Act has played a very important role where several have debated over how ethical or unethical the Act was. The Department of Justice wanted to do everything possible to ensure that the terrorist attacks in the future can be prevented and therefore Patriot Act in this respect played a very important but at the same time a very controversial role. There were a number of operations carried out so that the Americans could be protected but in the aim of protecting the innocent America, their way of life was put in jeopardy and the true essence of the America life style was lost. It has been debated a couple of times that the first amendment, fourth amendment have been affected and eroded by the USA Patriot Act which gave birth to a large number of legislative changes , where most importantly the investigative powers of the law enforcement agencies was increased. Amendment 1 stated: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment o f religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Bill of Rights and Later Amendments ushistory.org) Amendment 2 stated: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† (Bill of Rights and Later Amendments ushistory.org) The American Government made changes to the surveillance laws and gave the law enforcement authorities to not only spy on the citizens but also limit the checks on those powers such as public accountability etc. â€Å"The USA Patriot Act permits seizure of voice mail pursuant to a search warrant , al lows victims of computer trespassing to invite law enforcement to monitor attacks on their computers without needing a court order.† (Etzioni, A., & Marsh, J. H. (2003). Rights vs. public safety after 9/11: America in the age of terrorism. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield) Initially when America declared the war on terrorism, it was

Presentaion on the country Syria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Presentaion on the country Syria - Essay Example It is currently the liturgical language of many Syrian Christian denominations. However, most educated Syrians also speak French and English. The indigenous Christian Western-Aramaic speakers as well as Assyrians make up roughly 400,000 people. Most of them speak the Western Neo-Aramaic language. As for the deaf community, the sign language is used. Traditionally, men wear long gowns and women wear a long robe that only leaves their feet and hands exposed (Antoun 89). These dresses show little of the human skins something which is considered respectable. Music: Syria is one of the earliest centers of Christian hymnody and continues to be the liturgical music of various Syrian Christians. Damascus is among the Arab world centers for artistic innovation, particularly in the field of classical Arab music. Prominent musicians such as Asmahan, Lena Chamamyan, and Farid al-Atrash all come from Damascus (Salamandra 104). Aleppo city is known for its muwashshah; a form of Andalous poetry (Antoun 45). The muwashshah was popularized by stars like Sabah Fakri. It comprises of 5 stanzas that alternate in refrain with a running rhyme. Dance: As cited by Salamandra (103), the Syrian traditional art is manifested in dances like the Dabkeh, al-Samah, and sword dance. The Dabkeh is the national dance of Syria. It involves both line dancing and circle dance. It is commonly performed at weddings and other festivities. The lines usually form from right to left. The Dabkeh and al Samah are also peformed in child’s birth and marriage ceremonies. Food: Core element in parties, weddings, and other festivities. The main dish is the Syrian cuisine. It is rich and varied in its ingredients. It comprises of Kibbeh, fattoish, tabbouleh, hummus, labneh, shanklish, sujuk, baklava, and pastrirma. Manoushi bread is the number one snack food all around Syria. Tea is the ever-present drink and is usually taken with the Manoushi bread in

M Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

M - Assignment Example It may also refer, it seems to instances that are out of the box or the mold of what I would normally expect in such events or circumstances. Reason for Choosing the Vignette I find from my experience teaching Arabic that the daily circumstances of that has yielded a lot of surprising twists and turns, especially when it comes to how my students actually react to the lessons, and to the way their attitudes and energy for the class seem so different from my expectations, but in a positive way. Their reactions sometimes get me thinking about just how much Arabic can mean to students, and just how the teaching has also taught me a lot. Far from being a monotonous chore, teaching Arabic is a daily source of surprise and insight for me. As such, it seems to me the vignette is the best way to represent these everyday startling things. Also, I have had this startling exchange with some students in my mind that I wanted to share. It seems from the texts the vignette is the best way to captur e these exchanges. The vignette is essentially story-telling, and I do have this story to tell, one of many actually. The vignette is supposed to capture the essence of something that strikes me, and this indeed is what I want to convey. There is something striking about what really motivates some of my students to study Arabic intently. It is not for the reasons that I thought they had. Moreover, from where I am coming from, it is the opposite of what I expected from students coming from a wealthy country. The vignette is the perfect vehicle to transmit this sense of being surprised that things are not what they seem as far as my students are concerned and what motivates them. Mode of Use of the Vignette The text prescribes a way to go about writing and sharing experiences via the form of the vignette. This paper follows that prescription in a series of steps. The mode of use is the application of the instructions to narrate some classroom exchanges between me and my students. The focus is on the reasons that students choose to apply themselves very hard in order to learn Arabic. The vignette is sued to be able to bring out the insights into the motivations of the students. The texts describe vignette-writing as a process with specific elements. The important thing here is that this current paper made use of the commentary feature of the vignette, so that I may share my insights into the surprising responses of my students regarding what motivates them to learn Arabic and attend my class. Sample of Collected Data This exercise made use of data collected from responses to the questions on motivation that were administered to members of another class. For this I was able to get the good cooperation of the teacher of the other class, Qassem. The objective was to gauge what motivated the members of that other class to study Arabic. I then compared their responses to the questions on motivation with my own observations in my class. The Vignette- Teaching Arabic My vignette is a story that I want to share relating to some interesting experiences during my time teaching Arabic as secondary language for Americans and immigrants of Arabian descent. This has been the focus of my action research so far, and I find it to be a very fulfilling experience. Everyday I learn something new and surprising. Moreover, I can see a little of myself and my struggles in the struggles of my own students learning Arabic.

Identification the Stages of C elegans Lab Report

Identification the Stages of C elegans - Lab Report Example Most molecular genetics experiment cannot be employed on humans because of their complexity. In order to perform these experiments, researchers use certain model organisms which can be cultured very easily in the laboratory and is easy to manipulate. These model organisms though physically different from humans bear certain biochemical and physiological features that have been conserved during evolution (Hedges,2002, p838). With this respect, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis Celegans offer certain exceptional advantages and is one of the foremost model systems in molecular genetics. In order to study gene function in model organisms, single gene mutations are introduced and phenotypical characters are analyzed. The result of this analysis may vary-some of these single gene mutations would produce drastic biochemical or structural differences while others may go silent when compared with the wild-type phenotype (Fire at all,1998). Background of RNAi RNAi (RNA inference) also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing is a biological process which down-regulates expression of the targeted gene. Exogenous dsRNA could induce potent and sequence-specific silencing of endogenous gene expression in C.elegans (Fire et al,1998) i.e. intentional introduction of dsRNA into any organism, the difference in traits as a result of gene silencing may be observed. Worms as a model system: Most molecular genetics experiment cannot be employed on humans because of their complexity. In order to perform these experiments, researchers use certain model organisms which can be cultured very easily in the laboratory and is easy to manipulate and Celegans is an ideal organism because of the following characteristics: It is a eukaryote Genome size is small (97 Megabases) Small lifecycle Easy to maintain in laboratory (Gilbert,2000) Gene that we studied: The entire genome of C.elegans has been sequenced and therefore we have a clear understanding about the genes. We used 4 mutant with different genes suppressed so as to try and understand the role of the genes in the wild C.elegans. The genes are day-10, roll-6, by-1, and unc-22.  Material Required: Mutant worms on NGM-lite plates Wild-type worms on NGM-lite plates Binocular dissecting microscope Methods: 1. LAB1-part 1- Plates with wild worms are seen under microscope and behavior is observed. Life stage of microscope and drop on the plate to induce movement. Tapping the plate may also be required to induce movement. Observation of lifecycle is made. 2. LAB1-part 2 Both mutant and wild types are observed under the microscope and morphological and locomotor differences between them are observed and recorded. 2 E. coli are used as the food source for C.elegans. C.elegans are propagated on the lawn of E-coli on NGM-lite medium. The worms are propagated from plate to plate by the process of chucking and picking. Chucking and Picking Chucking is a rapid way of transfer and involved cutting out a portion of the NGM-lite medium where E. coli food source had been consumed and transferring it on a new plate. Picking involves transferring of individual worms with the help of flattened tip of a platinum wire.

M Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

M - Assignment Example It may also refer, it seems to instances that are out of the box or the mold of what I would normally expect in such events or circumstances. Reason for Choosing the Vignette I find from my experience teaching Arabic that the daily circumstances of that has yielded a lot of surprising twists and turns, especially when it comes to how my students actually react to the lessons, and to the way their attitudes and energy for the class seem so different from my expectations, but in a positive way. Their reactions sometimes get me thinking about just how much Arabic can mean to students, and just how the teaching has also taught me a lot. Far from being a monotonous chore, teaching Arabic is a daily source of surprise and insight for me. As such, it seems to me the vignette is the best way to represent these everyday startling things. Also, I have had this startling exchange with some students in my mind that I wanted to share. It seems from the texts the vignette is the best way to captur e these exchanges. The vignette is essentially story-telling, and I do have this story to tell, one of many actually. The vignette is supposed to capture the essence of something that strikes me, and this indeed is what I want to convey. There is something striking about what really motivates some of my students to study Arabic intently. It is not for the reasons that I thought they had. Moreover, from where I am coming from, it is the opposite of what I expected from students coming from a wealthy country. The vignette is the perfect vehicle to transmit this sense of being surprised that things are not what they seem as far as my students are concerned and what motivates them. Mode of Use of the Vignette The text prescribes a way to go about writing and sharing experiences via the form of the vignette. This paper follows that prescription in a series of steps. The mode of use is the application of the instructions to narrate some classroom exchanges between me and my students. The focus is on the reasons that students choose to apply themselves very hard in order to learn Arabic. The vignette is sued to be able to bring out the insights into the motivations of the students. The texts describe vignette-writing as a process with specific elements. The important thing here is that this current paper made use of the commentary feature of the vignette, so that I may share my insights into the surprising responses of my students regarding what motivates them to learn Arabic and attend my class. Sample of Collected Data This exercise made use of data collected from responses to the questions on motivation that were administered to members of another class. For this I was able to get the good cooperation of the teacher of the other class, Qassem. The objective was to gauge what motivated the members of that other class to study Arabic. I then compared their responses to the questions on motivation with my own observations in my class. The Vignette- Teaching Arabic My vignette is a story that I want to share relating to some interesting experiences during my time teaching Arabic as secondary language for Americans and immigrants of Arabian descent. This has been the focus of my action research so far, and I find it to be a very fulfilling experience. Everyday I learn something new and surprising. Moreover, I can see a little of myself and my struggles in the struggles of my own students learning Arabic.

Our position in Education is Cut Away Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Our position in Education is Cut Away - Essay Example 2.5 trillion budget eliminating dozens of politically sensitive domestic programs, including funding for education, to help meet his goal of shaving the budget deficit in half by 2009 (Allen & Baker, 2005). â€Å"The budget calls for 48 education program cuts totaling $4.3 billion, including $2.2 billion for high school programs, mostly state grants for vocational education. The budget would cut $440 million in Safe and Drug-Free School grants, $500 million in education technology state grants and $225 million for the Even Start literacy program according to the documents† (Allen & Baker, 2005). House Budget Committee Democrats said their analysis shows that the deficit will hit $495 billion in 2004, and will never go below $300 billion in the 2004-2013 period, reaching a total over the decade of $3.7 trillion. Rising federal deficits have triggered the need for the elimination of some monies for education (Federal Deficit, 2003). Vice President Dick Cheney defended the cuts a s measured. "I think youll find, once people sit down and have a chance to look at the budget, that it is a fair, reasonable, responsible, serious piece of effort,† he told Fox News Sunday. â€Å"The Administrations claim that it will cut the deficit in half by 2009 lacks credibility,† said a report released last week by House Budget Committee Democrats. â€Å"When the omitted items are included, along with the impact of making Bushs first-term tax cuts permanent, the report estimated that the government would rack up $6.1 trillion in deficit spending over the next decade† (Allen & Baker, 2005). Therefore, these numerous cuts in education spending in such key areas as vocational education, after school programs, family literacy programs and college support are being made ostensibly to reduce the federal deficit but are, in reality, having little effect on the deficit and a huge detrimental effect on the country’s population. In presenting his fiscal 2006 budget request to Congress,

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay In 1971, Starbucks was founded on a love for coffee and 42 years later you can still go in and expect the same delicious cup of steaming hot coffee from your local store, served to you from a friendly face. Starbucks mission is â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Today, with more than 18,000 stores in 62 countries, Starbucks is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world. And with every cup, we strive to bring both our heritage and an exceptional experience to life. † (http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/our-heritage). They offer the best roasted coffee, handcrafted beverages; coffee experience products, excellence service and innovation, plus they are dedicated to produce a great coffee experience to customers. (Starbucks, 2011) The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze Starbucks’ organizational structure and the best form of organizational structure that best fits Starbucks with an emphasis on Job description and Job Specification for a Starbucks employee. I will also try to determine the form of departmentalization that should be used, as well as whether centralization or decentralization of power should be used in light of the recent financial struggles they’ve had. Lastly, I will attempt to determine which organizational configuration best fits Starbucks. Job description is defined as â€Å"a formal lists of tasks and duties† and Job specification is defined as â€Å"a list of eligibility requirements or qualifications needed to perform a job† (Reilly, Minnick Baack. 2011). These definitions will be used in creating a position for a new employee. Job Description: If you love coffee and helping people than you just might be perfect for this job! At Starbucks, we strive to provide a much needed service in today’s busy world. At Starbucks you can learn all about different coffee beans from all over the world and help in developing a great working team. You will be trained in what it means to thoroughly enjoy your job, the people you work with in a clean and safe environment and to enjoy working with the best coffee you can imagine. Job Specification: Develop a working knowledge of all products we offer. Maintain a clean and friendly store. Maintain a professional attitude and your composure should the store become busier than usual. Anticipates customer and store needs. Be Flexible with shifts and days that you can work. Starbucks should be using is departmentalization by geographic region. Starbuck locations are all over the United States. Starbucks uses a matrix configuration by combining divisional and functional structures. Divisional structure is used in multi-product or multi-market operations. Starbucks fall into this structure by having so many different beverages and items on the menu. When putting out so many different items one has to specialize in those items. Starbucks trains their employees to know every item inside and out. You cannot have one person who can make one drink and nit another. They use functional structure to stay organized activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation. With 18,000 stores it takes many teams to stay updated of everything that is going on in the market. Starbucks hires people who specialize in marketing strategy to keep them on top of the market. The form should be changed in the stores that serve lunch because the structure of the work changes. It becomes more of a machine bureaucracy in that it is highly routine in making drinks as well as sandwiches and salads. When you have to repeat something many times you are working like a machine. Starbucks has decentralized authority because they created decision-making for each manager. There are also lots of stores around the world and each store has different from the authority, managers, and customers. This also allows for employees to be able to give their thoughts, opinions, and ideas. If the company uses their ideas they are rewarded. It also allows for the lines of communication to stay open between employees and managers which allows for a friendly working environment. Starbucks is making sure that it is here to stay. By surrounding itself and its team members with the best training and communication they stand out against all competitors. Yes, other will try to stand up against the designer coffee label but when it comes down to it Starbucks is finding new ways to stay at the top. With being in different regions they have created an evening atmosphere where you can drop in after work, with friends, after yoga, by yourself, after a long day or after a great day. The food is amazing. The wine selection is simple and smart (www. starbucks. com/coffeehouse/starbucks-stores/starbucks-evenings). Starbucks will change the structure of the business as many times as it takes to make it work for them. You never know they may create things that work for them that do not work for other coffee shops. REFERENCES Reilly, M. , Minnick, C. , Baack, D. (2011). The five functions of effective management. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://starbucks. com https://starbucks. com/about-us/out-heritage.

Internet Access Essay -- Internet Web Cybespace Essays

Internet Access   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It would be helpful to provide a brief historical summary of the Internet before jumping into the different means of accessing "The Net".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet was developed primarily by Vinton Cerf, an American computer scientist, in 1973 as a part of a United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency project managed by American Engineer, Robert Kahn. In 1984, the project was turned over to the private sector and to government research and scientific agencies for further development. In 1993, the Internet was turned over to the public and by early 1995 access was available in over 180 countries and there were over 30 million users. It is expected that 100 million computers will be connected to the public Internet by the year 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The public Internet can be accessed in several different ways: through a LAN, by a host, terminal access or gateway access. A LAN is a Local Access Network where there are a group of computers and other devices that are spread over a relatively limited area and connected by a communications link. This also allows you to communicate with any other computer on the network. If you access by a host, it is usually done through a LAN or with telephone lines and modems combined with Internet software on a personal computer. Terminal access is usually done by a telephone line and a modem and it is used with terminal- emulation software on a personal computer. This also allows you to int...

Case Study: Dell :: essays research papers

Case Study: Dell Dell can be one of the most successful companies mostly due to its direct marketing strategy. Unlike other computer companies which sell their product through retailers, Dell provides their computer and service directly to customers. The direct-selling model makes the company understand their customers better and eliminates the retailer cost. What is more, each PC is customized to the customers who can specify what components they want. Dell also holds little or no inventory and assembles products as soon as an order placed. The company can save inventory cost and apply new technology on their product quickly by using the just-in-time approach. In 1996, Dell became the e-commerce leader, for its website is not only some pages describing the details of products but also an online shop specializing computers for consumers. People can buy computer on the website which covering 80 countries, 27 languages/dialects, and 40 currencies without leaving home. Therefore, direct marketing strategy with low cost (low price), customization and e-commerce is the key factor for Dell’s success. Blois et al (2000.p.20) argued that marketers have been making increasing efforts to integrate direct-marketing activities within their overall communications mix. For instance, when a new computer comes into the market, the company should integrate every aspect of its campaign like TV Ads, online promotions, sending emails and brochures to the potential customers and so forth. Such Integrated marketing communications which can generate the awareness of the new product are likely to become popular in the future. Furthermore, in order to remain its top position, Dell has to develop new market such as camera and printer.

Philippine Literature Essay

Multilingualism became one of the key factors why unity cannot be thoroughly assessed in a specific country. It became the basis here in our country that having many languages implies a rich culture, diverse culture but carries with it the brand that national unity might be generally impossible due to regionalistic factors. Our country experienced so many shifts in language policy. Colonizers from Spain and America became the key contributors for it to happen. Looking back on the time of Spanish regime. Not all people can speak Spanish so the Spaniards made serious efforts to use Spanish to teach and speak it and make it as a national language. During that time, increasing number of tagalong users were growing. Slowly, it established the title as one of the major local language and until now, was strengthened and included as part of the school curriculum. To counter the growing number of Filipinos using other foreign languages, local literatures emerged to battle out the western culture. Filipinos during that time made use of their local language that is commonly spoken on that specific place and then use this language to write literary pieces like poets, production of drama; and sometimes as a form of entertainment during fiestas, other writers create a play using the foreign language emphasizing how it is awkward to speak the foreign language using ridicule included in the play. Though Filipinos made serious efforts to preserve the culture, some are slowly being converted to use the foreign language, and that approach is in the form of a religion. During the Spanish regime, it became a must to use Spanish as a medium of speaking while inside the church. And many people was moved that if they will not do church work, they will not go to heaven, they became a â€Å"panatiko† without realizing that religion; Roman Catholicism; became the way for the Spaniards totally colonize the culture and imply the Spanish culture.

Discipline in the Classroom Essay

â€Å"You’re nothing but a wuss. Your mama ain’t here to help you now so why don’t you stand and fight me like a man†¦. That’s right, saying nothing is going to make the situation better. You gonna go cry to Mrs. Wilson about it now? † This type of harassment in the classroom distracts the students from their main objective-to learn. Disciplinary problems in the classroom interrupt the atmosphere of the classroom, a place where learning takes precedent above all else. A tense environment detracts from learning and everyone loses. Mrs. Wilson got upset, the other school children endured constant harassment, and the children responsible for this harassment got lost in the system. Although experts cite many responses, multicultural education remains an answer that benefits both the teacher and all of the students. Disciplinary problems not only disrupt the serenity of the classroom, but if left untreated, manifest into societal problems. Violence grows as America’s answer to any problem. This trend has been growing steadily in our nation’s classrooms, and recent incidences like that of Columbine High School remind us that angry children become everyone’s problem if no one reaches out to them. cal1966, please do not redistribute this work. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this work elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned. Detention, suspension, and expulsion remain popular methods for dealing with discipline, but these methods serve only to remove rather than to solve the problem. Multicultural education stimulates the children to incorporate their own life experiences into what they learn and makes them active participants in their own learning process. Multicultural education serves to help bridge gaps between different classes, races, and genders. Not a seemingly easy task, drastic measures are imperative when the future of our country rests on the futures of our children. Take an eighth grade classroom located in a rural district with only three middle schools servicing the entire county. Mark and Jake, two white boys, constantly disrupted Mrs. Wilson’s Social Studies class. The situation distracted the teacher from her lesson plan, meaning that the other children’s learning fell behind their peers. Also, Mark and Jake jeopardized their own academic careers and threaten to become societal menaces. If left untreated their problems might develop into larger societal ills that hurt members of the population at large through their abuse of welfare or filling up the jails. Previously detention failed to help Mark and Jake correct their behavior, but Mrs. Wilson felt that the rest of the class should not suffer because of two members of the class. Disciplinary problems usually stem from some deeper anxiety that the children are facing. Mark’s parents work in an assembly line of a car manufacturer and net $40,000/year combined. They work long hours and spend little time with Mark after school. He takes the school bus to and from school, and he lives in a poor area of town where the houses are run down. Neither of his parents finished formal high school, although they both received GED’s. He has several younger siblings that look up to him as an example, but education is not stressed in his family. This hypothesis from studentcentral. o. uk Part of his disciplinary problem could be that he resents the fact that the state requires him to go to school. Mark sees that his parents struggle to get by, but no connection between improving his situation and education in his mind exists. People who succeed in class and come from upper-middle class backgrounds receive the brunt of his harassment. He feels resentment towards these students because he feels that he tries hard but society and good fortune still shun him. Jake’s parents come from working class backgrounds, and he lives in an area that is close to Mark’s house. His parents experienced marital problems lately. They fight constantly, and his one younger sister also experienced problems in school. His father graduated from technical school and works as a mechanic in a local garage, and his mother works at Kroger. His disciplinary problems relate to the fact that his parents fight a lot and offer to get into screaming matches. With so much tension in his home he feels the need to lash out at someone, and conveniently finds other students to harass-students who he already resents because of their higher social status. His disciplinary problems started about the time that his parents started having problems. However, his parents failed to communicate their problems on to Mrs. Wilson, so she understands little about the reason for Jake’s disciplinary problems. cofb fbr sefbfbw orfb fbk infb fofb fb. Mrs. Wilson, a 35-year old white teacher, became exasperated because Mark and Jake refused to respond to what she viewed as adequate attempts to reach them. They reserve their harassment for children who identify with the pper-middle class or excel in schoolwork. Because she experienced no contact with either set of parents, she remained unaware of the home problems that contribute to Mark and Jake’s frustration with the school system. Her training also left her unprepared to deal with types of children who shrink away from contact with other people. The boys consistently under-perform in all their subjects. Although they received extra help in the past, they refused to take an active inter est in learning, and instead tried to disrupt class time. Mrs. Wilson gave them extra help by working with them during class, and also assigned group partners to them, but the hostility the boys exhibited towards their partners made the working environment tense. They also disrespected Mrs. Wilson, and she felt like she lost all control because they refused to listen to anything she said. They removed themselves from the social scene of the school and appeared to not trust anyone but themselves. The harassment of other students needs to stop because everyone suffers in this situation. All the students fail to get to as much information as other classes with no disciplinary problems. These students will then experience a disadvantage next year when they compete against students from other classes. Also, Mark and Jake acted out and created this disturbance in class for some reason. If Mrs. Wilson fails reach them then their class disturbances might turn into societal disturbances. The importance of the situation remains for all involved to receive some help. This hypothesis from studentcentral. co. uk Mark and Jake’s harassment needs to stop for the benefit of all involved. Multicultural education ensures that every child receives a proper education and an equal chance of success later in life. Like a runaway effect, the problems snowball setting students back and preventing them from attaining success in schools and jobs. In a multicultural setting ideally all the students express their individual voices in the class and its pedagogy. Multicultural education address typical disciplinary problems because the themes that of the process builds around active thinking by the students themselves about the world around them. Multicultural education helps remedy this situation, because everyone’s culture needs to gain acknowledgement by the teacher. However, since limited diversity exists in the classroom, Mrs. Wilson tries to incorporate other cultures as well to make all her students more accepting and understanding of everyone’s lifestyle. Although the classrooms contain relatively new textbooks, they should be discussed critically in class so that the students feel like active participants in their own education. Mark and Jake may be acting out because they feel a lack of control over their own education and their situation in life. Mrs. Wilson realized she had failed to stimulate stimulating them enough, and so they act out to try to grab attention. Rather punish these students, Mrs. Wilson tries to understand their motives and then to try to help them in whatever way the teacher deems possible. This hypothesis from studentcentral. co. uk Nieto writes, â€Å"all teachers can become role models for all students as long as they are understanding, caring, and informed. One way in which teachers can build substantial relationships with students is by offering help to those who do not seek their aid† (331). Mark and Jake try to get attention by lashing out. Mrs. Wilson must dig deeper than usual to get at the root of the problem if she wants to help them. Mrs. Wilson reaches her students through multicultural education. Her determination to reach students who have been labeled as â€Å"problem children† determines the rest of their scholastic careers. For her first step, Mrs. Wilson reevaluates whether her accusations about the children’s behavior warrants concern. Her actions could stem from her preconceived notions of lower, working class families since the children causing the disturbance are poorly dressed and do not have the best hygiene. If Mrs. Wilson holds any bias then she needs to address her own personal bias so that the children do not suffer from her one-sidedness. coce cer sececew orce cek ince foce ce! Once Mrs. Wilson ascertains that these children pose a serious disturbance in her classroom, then her objective reworks itself into new inventive ways. The benefits of conventional negative reinforcement seem to not pose any threat to Mark and Jake, so perhaps she can try positive reinforcement. Also, if she practices what Nieto outlined as a multicultural classroom (p. 05) then she creates an environment where the children feel comfortable approaching her. Perhaps by gaining their confidence she then determines the root of their discipline problems. Before implementing multicultural education, Mrs. Wilson first identifies the reason for Mark and Jake’s outbreaks in class. Until now she treated them as regular problem children, but since none of the conventional disciplinary methods worked, she needs to sort out the root of the problem. Their problems at home cause their harassment of their peers. However, since the parents fail to return phone calls, Mrs. Wilson writes them and requests that they come in for a parent/teacher conference. If this measure fails to get the parents to school, then she plans to go visit them in their home. Because the parents are usually busy, there do not often communicate with the school. If the school approaches the parents in a non-threating manner, then perhaps the parents shed some light on their sons’ behavior problems. With more parental involvement, the boys feel more pressured to shape up. The home environment remains difficult to overcome, especially without the parents’ help. However, Mrs. Wilson needs to make the effort to at least try to contact them so that she has more input to correctly identify the reason Mark and Jake are acting out. Nieto writes â€Å"teachers can encourage parents to give their children jobs at home, and then support them when they do† (328). Maybe if Mark and Jake feel more important at home then they lose the urge to act out at school. Another method Mrs. Wilson employs to draw in outside resources for her classroom involves meeting with Mark and Jake’s other teachers. Outside input also influences learning because if she experienced disciplinary problems in her class the boys probably act out in all of their classes. By calling a meeting with everyone involved, the teachers might be able to trace commonalties between all of the disciplinary outbreaks. If they see what sets the boys off then they prevent cause of the harassment, or at least create an opportunity to talk to the boys about their behavior. If the teachers pinpoint the cause of the boy’s disciplinary problems within the classroom, then they know how to solve the problem more effectively. A reason for their frustration within the classroom stems from the fact that Mark and Jake feel left out of the education process. If Mrs. Wilson’s teaching style revolves around lectures they become bored and act out because of their boredom. The difficulty lies in making students pay attention in the classroom if their families devalue education at home. The teaching style induces no stimulation for them to want to learn. By using multicultural education, Mrs. Wilson aims to instill a love of learning in the students. Perhaps if Mrs. Wilson incorporates other methods of learning like hands on learning, group projects, or presentations by students for the rest of the class then she receives more positive behavior from all her students. If she can relate the student’s life and how education increases knowledge, then she makes not only Mark and Jake realize the importance of education in their lives but the importance of education to all of her students’ lives. Mrs. Wilson tries to incorporate other multicultural ideas in her lesson plan in order to accommodate the behavior of Mark and Jake. When they cover the holocaust she shows them Schindler’s List to illustrate its impact on the Jewish people. Movies help show history in vivid detail, and the brutality of the film helps bring this terrible period in history to light. This helps her students realize that other people endure suffering, and by showing them a real example of suffering they might feel more compassion for others. She also shows that other groups have suffered more than her students. The suffering that their class endures pales in comparison to the plights of other ethnicities. When Mark and Jake see the brutality of war and the horrible consequences of fighting, they realize other methods for solving their internal conflicts exist. Mrs. Wilson also engages the students in a unique manner that tries to draw their attention onto examples that shape our modern day world. Examples that relate to the student’s lives impact students more forcefully instead of assigning them reading and expecting them to pick up all the material. By relating the assignments in class to their every day lives she shows them examples of how education better their own situation. The learning becomes much more personal and effects them more. Mrs. Wilson also changes the structure of her class. If she includes more history about the working class and their importance in situations like the Industrial Revolution, then she makes all the students from working class backgrounds feel more important and a sense of pride in their heritage. Nieto writes that teachers can â€Å"use the experiences and understandings her students bring to class rather than an exotic or irrelevant curriculum† (338). She needs to uphold and validate their culture because Mark and Jake feel like their culture contains no importance and that could be a reason for their lashing out. The punishments that the boys get assigned could take a more inventive twist in order to quelch their behavior. If assigned community service Mark and Jake see that many others in their community undergo more hardship then their families. Nieto also writes â€Å"opportunities for after-school work or community service can be provided in much more substantial ways than they currently are† (328). The boys gain a perspective on their own problems by comparing them to others less fortunate. Such epiphanies might improve their behavior in the classroom. Multicultural education starts in the classroom but affects a wide array of social problems. Discipline, if left untreated, expands into larger social ills, where the perpetrators leech off of everyone. The plague on society takes the form of welfare and jails where taxpayers bear the responsibility for those who refuse to help themselves. This societal failure can be avoided by trying to reach these children earlier in their academic careers so that they experience success later in life. Multicultural education remains the best way to retain those borderline students who otherwise get lost in the system. Mrs. Wilson employs many methods to try to reach Mark and Jake before they lose complete interest in school. First she tries to determine the root of the problem so that she knows the exact problem she is dealing with. Talking to the parents and other teachers gives a more comprehensive view to the situation. Once the boys’ frustration surfaces, Mrs. Wilson incorporates different teaching aspects into her lesson plan. Engaging the students makes them more interested in their education and lessens their tendency to act out. Relating the real world to their own lives makes them more involved members of society. Mark and Jake symbolize children whose problems generally run deeper than most teachers suspect. Multicultural education helps make these boys and all of the students in the classroom more productive members of society. If the boys stay off welfare then our tax dollars go towards improving other facets of life. The boys also become taxpayers who contribute to the solution rather than the problem. Without some intervention, children like Mark and Jake plague American society and benefit no one, including themselves. Hatred makes a disastrous problem that needs to be solved immediately, and multicultural education is one answer to that problem.

Eastern Foods Essay

Introduction You need to do the same research and prepare before open a new restaurant. As a member of UK planning team, I need to provide a report about the challenges facing Eastern Foods in next few months, which is very important thing for starting your business. AS the saying goes, everything is hard in the beginning, to open a new restaurant, it will certainly encounter problem. For example, there is no way to attract customers at a loss or gain customers but no profits which lead restaurant have a normal business. Furthermoreï ¼Å'complaint due to food safety issues. Next, recruitment and post-training. For a manager, it is also essential psychological qualitiesï ¼Å'and can clarify the problem & make logical decisions and take the initiative & respond flexibly to change situations. Hence, writing a report can help you know that what issues you will meet and let you can do psychological preparation. The challenges  HRM Human resource management (HRM, or simply HR) is the management process of an organization’s workforce, or human resources. It is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and rewarding of employees, while also overseeing organizational leadership and culture and ensuring compliance with employment and labor laws. (WIKIPEDIA, 2014) Thus, developing Eastern Foods which need the HR department must prepare in advance and qualified candidates to start. We need make a plan to attract people join us, and we will face the choice of employees that what we need employees, managers, chef and waiter or other to do and they must meet our satisfactions. Whether the recruitment of employees and compliance with labour laws and the principles of justice. Organization is not a simple tree, pulp, machinery or inventory. Human resources management involves the application of management functions and principles. Its function is applied to the recruitment, mining, maintenance, and reward employees. The staff’s decision must be adjusted. On different aspects of the decision-making of employees, it must compete with other human resources (HR). Decisions will certainly affect the validity of a restaurant. The effectiveness of an organization must lead to improved services to customers at a reasonable cost to provide in the form of high-quality products. Accounting Accounting will directly affect the financial restaurant, a clear accounts will undoubtedly bring many convenient restaurants. The results reflect the elements of corporate accounting. 1. Revenue Income is an enterprise formed in daily activities, which will lead to an increase in owner’s equity and the total inflow of capital has nothing to do with the economic interests of the owner of inputs. 2. Costs Cost refers to an enterprise in their daily activities, which will lead to decrease in owner’s equity, and profit has nothing to do with the distribution of the total outflow of economic benefits to the owner. 3 Profit Profit is an enterprise in a certain accounting period operating results. Net income includes profit after subtracting expenses, gains and losses directly recognized in current profit and so on. Directly included in the current profit gains (Gain) or loss (Loss), which shall be included in profit or loss that refers to will lead to changes in the occurrence of changes in owners’ equity, and the owner of the invested capital or profits unrelated to the owner or the distribution of profits loss. Marketing Marketing is an important part of business operations and includes a number of different activities. Marketing is now seen as essential to the success not only of manufactures, retailers, and other businesses but also of government agencies, hospitals, law offices, schools, and churches. (James Burrow, 2008). We need to do some research before open a new restaurant. The first aim of marketing is to create customers, acquire and maintain customers; To consider how to effectively compete head to defeat invincible from a long-term perspective; Focusing on market research, collecting and analysing large amounts of information under the change of environment and market, and the only way has to make the right decisions in different cases; such as Active promoting innovation, which is proportional to the degree and effect; Conducted in a changing decisions, which requires its makers have a strong ability like entrepreneurs insight, discernment and decisiveness.  Henceï ¼Å'We need to consider how to expand our market to attract customers. Operations Management Everything seemed ready, the restaurant will begin operations management. Operations management is targeted at operational processes and operational systems. Operations management is an investment operation process, convert, process output.it also is a labour process or value-added process, which is the first large object operations, operators must consider how to carry out operational activities such as production planning, organization and control. If the operator improper control which easily lead restaurants into a loss situation. Operations Management deals with the design and management of products, processes, services and supply chains.ï ¼Ë†MITSloan managementï ¼Å'2014ï ¼â€° The main objective of enterprise operations management is to control quality, cost, time and flexibility, which is the fundamental source of corporate competitiveness. Therefore, operations management has an important role in the business. Operational departments will face these challenges, and propose specific work goals, developing specific means to achieve goals and approaches, clear goals. Key issue Accounting Accounting is the currency of the main units of measurement, using a range of specialized methods, accounting and supervision of an economic management of a unit of economic activity, which is designed to provide accounting information and economic efficiency. Accounting work is an important guarantee for improving cooperate governance, which requires to have some work experience in professional accounting staff to help managers of restaurants, and can earn more profits for the restaurant. A simple order to load the software onto your computer (see appendix I), or a suitable business accounting software also is very important (see appendix â… ¡). And in the eyes of many, business accounting is the general accounting bookkeeping, accounting reports afterwards and not specifically involved in the management of the business, even if part of the work involved in business management, but also the financial managers who do it. In fact, divided by the statements of accounting methods for other management staff provides company information, directly or indirectly involves in the company of  management. Whether it is cost accounting, reimbursement, billing or accounting, cooperate insiders budget execution and supervision of the first person, from material procurement to sales outstanding, adoption of the budget, compare prices, credit management, indicators and contrast. Accounting oversight fulfill all the functions, which all involved in corporate management. There are two questions to discuss. First, does not pay attention to the overall budget. The budget only stays in budget, completely ignoring the fee budget. Companies are not able to master the use of a comprehensive budget implementation status of strategic objectives, resulting in a waste of corporate finance, food, and human and other resources. Catering enterprises due to lack of effective overall budget, which is not able to adjust business strategy in a timely manner in accordance with market changes. Next, accounts of chaotic management, accounting is not timely. Many food and beverage companies with a breakdown of the property chronological mix of raw materials. For the food and beverage industry is concerned there will be a lot of consumables, and many companies do not have this set up a separate subsidiary ledgers. As the catering business for the accounts do not pay attention, for a serious lack of original documents, certificates and registration does not match the original accounts. Financial accounting irregularities exist very original certificate changes, account card can’t be consistent. Such as consistent account statement, account match the reality, in line account statement. Accounts of accounting is not timely, resulting in a breakdown of the accounts do not match with the total accounts. Marketing That marketing. This post is divided into two types, one is called front-end marketing, the other is called the back-end marketing. Both the role and position are different, qualities and abilities needed to be different. Front-end sales and marketing in order to serve as the core of the sales company, which is responsible for market development and promotion to stimulate customer demand, they did no matter how the product is manufactured, just out of the product promotion. Of course, a good front-end marketing staff will promptly to customer WHO needs feedback to the back-end marketing AND go to help understand the various back-end marketing target market dynamics and customer needs. The back-end marketing, research and  development in manufacturing as the core segment, the pre-market survey is responsible for product definition and development, which is to understand the market, understand the competition, understand target customers, and according to the market, customers and co mpetition to complete the new product Definition – a complete description of the product-specific documentation. All aspects of the catering business activities are inseparable from the consumers , constantly studying and changing consumer demand , while consumer demand to develop and deliver the food to adapt products to meet consumer demand which has become a synonym for catering business large operators how to treat customers, employees continue to instill the concept of the right customers ; small staff of each service , customer preferences are all trying to figure out to do market positioning , we must figure out who is your target customer and What are their characteristics, such as income, spending habits, . Then we develop targeted promotion. Do not blind pursuit of high profits, location, price, and features which are not unified, and cost less than consumer expectations, completely ignoring consumer psychology and consumer needs of the guests. Not with changes in market conditions and the relative adjusted so that the food does not adequately reflect the variety of price point factor in the difference in price, guests can’t adapt to the different needs of consumer motivation. In today’s technologically advanced world, such as the Internet, wechat, facebook, buy, review sites, etc. These fashion marketing, restaurant operators are embodied acclimatized. Which always wanted a simple way to accomplish more complex thing. Bosses nothing wrong result, and one-sided emphasis on the results without knowing basically failed process. Restaurant carrying out marketing activities in the process, there will be adverse environmental factors leading to damage or failure, so you must know how to transform strain markets, strengthen research marketing environment, the establishment of risk prevention and treatment agencies, face risk head-on, and improve the quality of restaurant employees. Conclusion The restaurant industry is extremely competitive. It’s difficult to be and stand out amongst the hundreds, if not thousands, of other restaurants in your local area; whether it’s the food, customer service or brand, customers will consistently critique your restaurant and even the smallest error could stir up a storm. (Sammy Jo, 2013) Opening new restaurants, will face many challenges, first, to choose a good location which can bring more customers, and also make it easier for customers to remember your restaurant, then the product positioning, elect their own signature dishes can be customized with the positioning of the menu. Then, it can be renovated, rising consumer demand of customers, store environment position in restaurants has become increasingly high, a good environment, and sometimes can be a key factor in the success of the restaurant. This comes into play when the external environment. The human resources department is responsible for hiring, and training employees on the audit. Then for the restaurant staff to begin custom equipment, such as kitchen equipment, customer use chopsticks, etc, which is the soul of a leader, and the organization is a corporate body. Organizational strategy is to create and run a business which is not only an internal team competition THAT needs external lateral and vertical industry chain to support the organization’s business, because the strategy is implemented by the organization. Excellent organizational strategy, first set aggressive strategies and goals, and implementation strategies needed to build possess excellent organizational effectiveness of the implementation of the system, and continue to temper their own sustainable development, building efficient enterprises to continue to promote a positive goal. Restaurant management also needs leaders who will link together the various departments, and less any one department will lead to failure, therefore, whether it is accounting, marketing, human resource management or operational management which will even encounter different challenges that we must face yes, because they are an essential part of the restaurant. Reference 1. Sammy Jo. 2013 Challenges of Operating a Restaurant. LERA BLOG. Weblog [Online] 24/07. Available from: http://lerablog.org/business/management/challenges-of-operating-a-restaurant/ [Accessed 24th March 2014] 2. WIKIPEDIA, (2014) Human resource management. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_resource_management [Accessed 24th March 2014] 3. James Burrow, (2008) Marketing. 4. MITSloan managementï ¼Å'ï ¼Ë†2014ï ¼â€°What is operations managementï ¼Å¸. Available at: http://mitsloan.mit.edu/omg/om-definition.php [Accessed 26th March 2014] Appendix I Source: www.brothersoft.com â… ¡ Sourceï ¼Å¡www.businessoftware.com